Safety device or features for transformer.

Transformers are essential components in the power distribution system and play a critical role in the delivery of electrical power. They operate at high voltages and currents and can pose significant risks if they malfunction. To ensure safe operation and to protect the equipment and personnel, transformers are equipped with several safety devices or features. Here are some of the common safety features of transformers:

1. Overcurrent Protection: Overcurrent protection devices, such as fuses or circuit breakers, are used to protect the transformer from damage due to excessive current flow. They are designed to interrupt the current flow when the current exceeds a certain threshold.
2. Overload Protection: Overload protection devices are used to protect the transformer from damage due to prolonged operation at high temperatures. They are designed to interrupt the current flow when the transformer exceeds its rated capacity for a specified period.
3. Ground Fault Protection: Ground fault protection devices are used to detect and interrupt faults that occur when an electrical conductor comes in contact with the ground or other conductive objects. They are designed to minimize the risk of electrical shock or fire.
4. Pressure Relief Devices: Pressure relief devices, such as pressure relief valves, are used to relieve the pressure inside the transformer tank in case of an overpressure event. They are designed to prevent the tank from rupturing and releasing oil or other hazardous materials.
5. Temperature Sensors: Temperature sensors are used to monitor the temperature of the transformer windings, oil, and other components. They are designed to provide early warning of abnormal temperature rise and to activate the appropriate protection device.
6. Buchholz Relay: Buchholz relay is a protective device that is installed in the oil-filled transformers. It detects internal faults, such as insulation failure, and generates an alarm or trips the transformer to prevent further damage.
7. Differential Protection: Differential protection is a scheme that compares the current entering the transformer with the current leaving the transformer. Any imbalance in current is detected and results in tripping the transformer.

These safety devices and features work together to ensure safe and reliable operation of the transformer and to protect the equipment and personnel from potential hazards.